Manifest hyperopia: Hyperopia that can be detected by dry refraction (refraction without ciliary muscle paralysis or small pupil refraction, called "dry refraction")
Manifest hyperopia can be functional, absolute, or a combination of both.
The amount of manifest hyperopia is equal to the maximum plus lens power placed in front of the patient's eyes that achieves a visual acuity of 1.0 (MPMVA).
In addition, all absolute hyperopia is manifest: absolute hyperopia is that part of hyperopia that cannot be neutralized by accommodation. Therefore, it can be detected by dry refraction.
Latent hyperopia: hyperopia that cannot be detected by dry optometry
Hyperopia patients habitually use accommodation. Manifest hyperopia may not be total hyperopia. Latent hyperopia is covered by accommodation and cannot be displayed by dry optometry.
Therefore, latent hyperopia is the difference between manifest hyperopia (dry optometry) and mydriatic optometry (wet optometry).
If mydriatic agents are not used, we cannot detect latent hyperopia. As patients age, the hyperopia we detect is higher than when they were young. This cannot be considered as an increase in hyperopia, but rather that latent hyperopia gradually turns into manifest hyperopia.
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Post time: Jul-12-2024