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1. What is myopia

Emmetropia refers to the eyeball that is adjusted and relaxed when parallel light rays from 5 meters away are incident, and the image is clearly imaged on the fovea of the retina through the optical system of the eyeball. The normal optical system of the eye depends on the matching of parameters such as the refractive power of the eyeball and the length of the eye axis.

 

Myopia means that after the parallel light rays from 5 meters away enter the relaxed eyeball, they focus on the front of the retina through the eyeball optical system and form a blurred image on the retina. The main reason is that the eye axis is too long, or the refractive power of the eye Too large, or caused by a mismatch between the eye axis and other optical parameters such as the refractive power of the eye. In October 2021, the "Guidelines for Appropriate Technologies for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents (Updated Version)" issued by the National Health Commission classified myopia into pre-myopia, low myopia, and high myopia. If the degree of myopia is high, accompanied by structural and functional damage to the fundus, it is called pathological myopia.

2. What are the dangers of myopia?
The main manifestation of myopia is that it is not clear to see far away, and it is easy to cause dry eyes, visual fatigue, protruding eyeballs and other problems. If myopia progresses rapidly and the degree is high, it may increase the chance of causing eye and fundus complications. If both parents are highly myopic, the risk of high myopia in their children will increase accordingly. If there is no effective policy intervention, it will affect the quality of the current and future population. In the future, my country will face a huge gap in the labor force that meets the vision requirements in the fields of aerospace, precision manufacturing, military and other industries, directly threatening the sustainable development of my country's economy and society and national security. .
3. What is the status quo of myopia?
At present, the rapid increase of myopia population has become a global public health problem that cannot be ignored. According to the relevant data on the myopia rate of children and adolescents in my country in 2020 released by the National Health and Health Commission, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents nationwide in 2020 is 52.7%, of which 14.3% are 6-year-old children, 35.6% are primary school students, 71.1% are junior high school students, and 71.1% are high school students. The birth rate was 80.5%, showing a trend of high incidence and younger age.
4. What kind of learning environment is conducive to eye health?
Children need good light during the learning process. Unreasonable use of light will have a bad impact on children's eyes. Parents should place their children's desk in the best place for indoor lighting, make full use of natural light for lighting when studying during the day, and pay attention to avoid direct light on the desktop. When studying at night, in addition to turning on the desk lamp lighting, an appropriate background auxiliary light source should be used indoors to reduce the difference between indoor light and dark, so that the local light on the desktop is in harmony with the surrounding environment. The desk lamp should have a lampshade, and it should be placed in front of the opposite side of the writer. The light source should not directly shine on the eyes to avoid glare. Usually do not read or write under direct sunlight or dim light; do not lie on the bed or lie on the table to read; do not read while walking, or read in a shaking car; do not write too small characters with too thin pencils. When holding the pen, the fingertips should not be too close to the nib.
 
5. What is hyperopia reserve? What is the significance of it for the prevention and control of myopia?
Under normal circumstances, the eyeballs of newborns are farsighted after birth, and this physiological hyperopia is called hyperopic reserve. With the growth and development, the degree of hyperopia of the eyeballs of children and adolescents gradually decreases. The ideal situation is that children develop from hyperopia to emmetropia after they are 12 years old. Hyperopia reserve is an important indicator used to monitor the development of diopter. Due to premature and excessive short-distance eye use, some children and adolescents have exhausted their hyperopia reserve before the age of 6, and they are very likely to develop myopia in elementary school. Under normal circumstances, a 6-year-old child should have a hyperopia reserve of +1.0-+1.5 D. Take your children to do outdoor activities and reduce short-range eye use, which can effectively protect your hyperopia reserve.

6. Occasionally blurred vision, do I need to go to the hospital for examination?

When using electronic products for a long time or using the eyes at close range, the eye muscles will continue to be in a tense working state, which may cause blurred vision for a short time. If such symptoms occur only occasionally, and there are no other uncomfortable feelings or changes, you can relax and adjust by looking at a distance (> 5 meters) or taking a walk outside. If there is no improvement, or accompanied by visual field defect, amaurosis and other symptoms, you need to seek medical treatment in time for corresponding examination and treatment.

7. Will I be prone to myopia if I read and write for a long time?

Studies have shown that during the visual development period of children and adolescents, high-intensity close-range eye use is the most important factor causing the high incidence of myopia in the overall population. The closer the eye distance and the longer the time, the heavier the eye load and the greater the damage to the eyes. If we stay in this tension-adjusting state for a long time, our eye muscles will convulse, which will induce myopia. When reading and studying, you should pay attention to taking a break in time. Primary and middle school students should not continue to use their eyes at close range for more than 40 minutes. The younger the child, the shorter the time of continuous eye use is recommended.


Post time: Jul-01-2023